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At Reading Toolkit: Phonological Awareness, we are dedicated to providing effective tools and resources to enhance phonological awareness in young learners. Our goal is to foster a love for reading and improve literacy skills.
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Part I: Glossary

Background Knowledge- Background Knowledge is the particular amount of knowledge or facts that a person has on certain topics (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Comprehension- Comprehension is something being made heard (Oral Comprehension), or from text (Reading Comprehension) (Reading Rockets, 2025). Also, when it comes to comprehension; it is having the understanding of what is being expressed entirely and/or one’s way of interpreting what is being viewed, heard, and read due to drawing of one’s experiences and knowledge (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Decoding- Decoding is when a person has the ability of translating a word from text to speech by using their understanding of sound-symbol correspondences (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Fluency- Fluency is dealing with having the ability to read print exactly at a considerable rate (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Phonics- Phonics is a method that teaches students how to read by matching up sounds with letters or a group of letters that correlate with the alphabet.
Phonological Awareness- Phonological Awareness pertains to having a group of skills that are related to having the capacity to recognize parts of spoken words (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Print Concepts (Print Awareness)- Print Concepts (Print Awareness) is particularly dealing with having the basic knowledge of text and how the text is organized on the page (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Scarborough’s Reading Rope- Scarborough’s Reading Rope is something that is pertaining to illustrating how experienced reading is evolving through weaving in cooperation interconnected strands of language comprehension skills and word recognition.
Science of Reading- Science of Reading is research-based understanding of how students are learning how to read while using the many disciplines which includes education, linguistics, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and development psychology (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Sight Word Recognition- Sight Word Recognition is when a student is recognizing words that he/she doesn’t necessarily need to sound out (Reading Rockets, 2025).
Text to text, Text to self, Text to world strategy- This strategy is when you are dealing with an reading comprehension technique that pertains to students constructing relationships between their own life experiences and the print that they are reading (text to self), other prints which includes movies or books (text to text), and issues, concepts, or events in the world (text to world).
Vocabulary- Vocabulary is the delivery of words and having the knowledge of meaning (Reading Rockets, 2025).

Part II: Scarborough's Reading Rope: Word Recognition

Word Reflection
Looking at the importance of special education teachers having a thorough understanding of science of reading, Scarborough’s Reading Rope, and the levels of phonological awareness, the special education has to think about reading and writing. Reading and writing is very instrumental to students while they are in school. Students are still learning how to read and how to correctly write in every grade they are going into. The English language uses the alphabetic writing system which includes letters and single speech sounds (Moats et al, 2025). In knowing that, students can separate words by identifying sounds, recognizing their identity, then putting the words together (Moats et al, 2025).
As the teacher, you want all of the students to learn in the classroom even when they have disabilities. The four ways that the teacher can meet all of their students' needs is by tailoring teaching for all learners, making differences less “different”, providing support and creating high expectations for all. Looking at teaching for all learners, all students learn differently inside of the classroom; the teacher must design the way they teach by having the students go into small groups so they can receive differentiated instruction (The Understood Team, 2025). When it comes to making differences less “different”, students are allowed to express themselves in the way they are learning because all students learn differently. Then they find out that they have a lot of things in common when they express the way they are learning to their peers (The Understood Team, 2025). Providing support to all of the students will consist of some of the students getting pulled out of the classroom by speech pathologists, speech therapists, reading therapists, and etc. These people will help the students more as they keep on progressing inside of the classroom (The Understood Team, 2025). Every student should have any type of support while they are in school no matter if they have a disability or not. Lastly, creating high expectations for all, each student that has a disability will be on an IEP. On those IEPs, each student will have to complete goals yearly or bi yearly in which the students will show progress or will not proceed on with their progress (The Understood Team, 2025). With my experience in working with students with disabilities, it will require a village to help support the students in the classroom and outside of the classroom. Also, the different professionals that help the students in the classroom will provide them with the necessary services needed for them to succeed in the classroom as well as the outside world. For example, students will need services that will help them get jobs, special living, and etc to begin their adulthood.
References:
Reading Rockets. (2025). Glossary. https://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/glossary
Moats et al. (2025). Why Phonological Awareness Is Important for Reading and Spelling. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/early-literacy-development/articles/why-phonological-awareness-important-reading-and
The Understood Team. (2025). 4 benefits of inclusive classrooms. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/4-benefits-of-inclusive-classrooms
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Reading Toolkit: Phonological Awareness is a dedicated education company based in Fresno, California. We are passionate about promoting literacy and language skills in children through effective phonological awareness strategies. Our team of experienced educators is committed to providing engaging and impactful learning experiences for young learners.
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